R.Raja, S.Umer, S.Islam & S.Naaz
Volume-XIV, Issue-III, April 2026
Volume-XIV, Issue-III, April 2026 | ||
Received: 25.04.2026 | Accepted: 27.04.2026 | |||
Published Online: 30.04.2026 | Page No: | |||
DOI: 10.64031/pratidhwanitheecho.vol.14.issue.03W. | ||||
Can Artificial Intelligence Truly Reason? A Philosophical and Logical Inquiry into Machine Reasoning
Ramiz
Raja, Research Scholar, Aliah University, Department of Computer science and Engineering, West
Bengal, India
Dr. Saiyed Umer, Assistant Professor, Aliah University, Department of Computer science and Engineering, West
Bengal, India
Samirul Islam, Independent Researcher, Department of Philosophy, West Bengal, India Sayema Naaz, Student, University of Kalyani, Department of Computer science and Engineering,
West Bengal, India | |
AI can perform functions such as language processing,
decision- making, pattern recognition, and problem solving. It can also perform
reasoning functions that are more complex. However, many still question whether
reasoning performed by machines is actual reasoning, or just reasoning that has
been simulated by various computations. This paper looks at machine reasoning
through philosophy, logic, and computer science, which are all interrelated
fields. Within the field of philosophy, it looks at reasoning and its
components such as understanding and knowledge. It also examines the functions
of reasoning like justification and intentionality. Within the field of logic,
it looks at areas of formal inference, reasoning, epistemic logic, and
structure functions of reasoning like rule-based and non-monotonic reasoning.
Lastly, it examines the field of computer science on the basis of reasoning
performed by AI systems through various functions like algorithms, knowledge
representation, machine learning, and large language models. It argues that
reasoning performed by machines is formal and functional reasoning. However,
reasoning performed by AI lacks many components of human reasoning such as
consciousness, and lived experience. Various intentional understanding components
like self-reflective justification are also neglected. It argues that AI
systems should not be viewed as substitutes for human rationality. They are
reasoning systems that produce functional outputs bound by premised
rationality.
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