ন্যায় মতে আত্মার লক্ষণ – একটি আলোচনা
Volume-XIII, Issue-I, October 2024
Volume-XIII, Issue-I, October 2024 | ||
Published Online: 31.10.2024 | Page No: 38-44 | |||
ন্যায়
মতে আত্মার লক্ষণ – একটি আলোচনা
পূজা
ভকত, সহকারী
অধ্যাপিকা, দর্শন বিভাগ, শম্ভূনাথ কলেজ, লাভপুর, বীরভূম, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ, ভারত | |
Characteristics of the Soul according to the Nyaya Philosophy – A Discussion Pooja Bhakat, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Shambhunath College, Labpur, Birbhum, West Bengal, India | |
Maharṣi Gotama is said to be the founder of Nyᾱya Philosophy. The author has mentioned sixteen categories in his Nyᾱyasūtra. These are pramᾱṇa, prameya, saṃśaya, prayojana, dṛṣṭᾱnta, siddhᾱnta, avayava, tarka, nirṇaya, vᾱda, jalpa, vitaṇḍᾱ, hetvᾱbhᾱsa, chala, jᾱti and nigrahasthᾱna. True knowledge of these categories is the cause of liberation (apavarga). After discussing the first category pramᾱṇa he has mentioned the second category prameya. It is of twelve kinds. These are ᾱtman, śarīra, indriya, artha, buddhi, manas, pravṛtti, doṣa, pretyabhᾱva, phala, duḥkha and apavarga. Ātman or soul is of two kinds namely jivᾱtma and paramᾱtmᾱ. The main incentive (prayojana) of this system is to get liberation of individual souls (jivᾱtma). An individual soul can attain liberation through two ways. One is directly through the knowledge of twelve objects of valid knowledge (prameya) and another is gradually through the knowledge of fifteen categories (except prameya). Nyᾱyaśᾱstra has been discussed in three stages, called uddeśa, lakṣaṇa and parīkṣᾱ. Uddeśa is naming the main topics of the philosophy. Lakṣaṇa is defining the main topics and parīkṣᾱ is the critical examination of the main topics. So, after naming the first object of knowledge (ᾱtman), the author has given the definition of it. To define ᾱtman, he has said that the probantia (liṅga) for the inference of the self are desire (icchᾱ), aversion (dveṣa), motivation (prayatna), pleasure (sukha), suffering (duḥkha) and knowledge (jῆᾱna). There is a dispute regarding the meaning of the term probantia (liṅga) among the Nyᾱya philosophers. I shall discuss the said dispute in this paper and try to give my opinion in this regard. | |
Keywords: Nyᾱyasūtra, prameya, jivᾱtma, paramᾱtmᾱ, apavarga and liṅga. |