সমজাতীয় বিশেষের অভিন্ন গুণ কী সম্ভব? বস্তুবাদী বি. রাসেল ও ট্রোপতাত্ত্বিক জি. এফ. স্টাউট-এর দৃষ্টিভঙ্গিতে একটি দার্শনিক পর্যালোচনা
Volume-XI, Issue-II, January 2023
Volume-XI, Issue-II, January 2023 | ||
Published Online: 31.01.2023 | Page No: 94-105 | |||
সমজাতীয় বিশেষের অভিন্ন গুণ কী সম্ভব? বস্তুবাদী বি. রাসেল ও ট্রোপতাত্ত্বিক জি. এফ. স্টাউট-এর দৃষ্টিভঙ্গিতে একটি দার্শনিক পর্যালোচনা ভাবেশ গায়েন, সহকারী অধ্যাপক, দর্শন বিভাগ, কাজী নজরুল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ, ভারত | |
Is a Common Property of a Homogeneous Species Possible? A Philosophical Review from the Perspectives of Materialist B. Russell and Tropological G. E. Moore Bhavesh Gayen, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Kazi Nazrul University, West Bengal, India | |
The problem of universals is one of the oldest topics in the history of metaphysics. This
problem has started from the ancient period in Greek and still it is continued towards a
permanent solution. Till then the debate is basically divided into two doctrines, one is
realism and the other is nominalism in ancient, medieval, classics and contemporary
period. In these context philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and B. Russell are realists.
Plato said that concept is not merely an idea in the mind, but something which has a reality
of its own, outside and independent of the human mind. But Aristotle, the student of Plato,
criticized and gave a moderate version of realism about the problem of universals.
According to Aristotle, Plato’s theory of ideas has failed to explain the relation between
individuals and universals, the existence of individuals, the motions of objects etc. In this
regard, the realist like B. Russell is largely compatible with Plato.
But the opponents of realism, the nominalists, deny the absolute reality of universals.
They claim that their explanation is easier than realists and very much logical. And they
believe that it is possible to provide fully satisfactory accounts of attribute agreement,
subject-predicate discourse, and abstract reference that posits only particular or individual.
And a contemporary theory invented in this context is the Trope Theory. They adopt an
approach between realism and nominalism and say that universals can be particulars as
well as particulars. In this article I will try to show how the contemporary Trope Theorist
G. F. Stout was able to show universals as particulars as well as particulars and
demonstrated his innovation. And it will be shown here where the difference between this
theory and the realist B. Russell’s theory is also tried to show which theory is more tenable
in my view point. | |
Keywords: Metaphysics, Universals, Particulars, Qualities, Relations, Realism, Nominalism, Trope Theory | |