দ্বৈততত্ত্ব: সাংখ্য দর্শনের ব্যাখ্যায় অভিব্যক্তিবাদ
Volume-XIV, Issue-III, April 2026
Volume-XIV, Issue-III, April 2026 | ||
Received: 22.04.2026 | Accepted: 29.04.2026 | |||
Published Online: 30.04.2026 | Page No: 22-28 | |||
DOI: 10.64031/pratidhwanitheecho.vol.14.issue.03W.078 | ||||
দ্বৈততত্ত্ব: সাংখ্য দর্শনের ব্যাখ্যায় অভিব্যক্তিবাদ অজিত টুডু, সহকারী অধ্যাপক, দর্শন বিভাগ, রামানন্দ কলেজ, বাঁকুড়া, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ, ভারত | |
Dualism: Evolution in the Interpretation of Sankhya Philosophy Ajit Tudu, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Ramananda College, Bankura, West Bengal, India | |
At present, human civilization, having ascended to the pinnacle of intellectual inquiry, seeks to bring everything under its control. Yet, conversely, it remains an undeniable truth that providing a definitive explanation for the genesis of this universe has proven elusive. Across mythological, scientific, and folkloric traditions, diverse explanations regarding the origin and evolution of the cosmos can be found. Within the Sāṅkhya, an ancient school of philosophy, the sage Maharṣi Kapil offered an elegant exposition on the evolution of the world. In this framework, Kapil Muni describes the origin of the universe through the interplay of two fundamental principles: Prakṛti (Nature) and Puruṣa (Consciousness). He identifies Prakṛti as the material cause of this universe and elucidates the process of evolution based on the principle of cause and effect. In Sāṅkhya philosophy, this causal principle is known as Satkāryavāda. In characterizing the essential nature of Prakṛti, Kapil describes the Triguṇa-s, the three fundamental qualities: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. Kapil Muni explains that evolution ensues when the equilibrium of Prakṛti is disturbed; conversely, the evolutionary process of the universe ceases once Prakṛti returns to a state of equilibrium. Maharṣi Kapil further asserts that all evolutionary transformations pertain solely to Prakṛti; Puruṣa remains entirely exempt from such evolution. Indeed, within the Sāṅkhya system, the concept of evolution is primarily elucidated in the context of Puruṣa's attainment of Kaivalya (absolute liberation). Once Puruṣa achieves Kaivalya, the evolutionary process of Prakṛti comes to a halt. The evolution of Prakṛti remains confined within its own sphere, and the transformations that occur therein are collectively termed Pariṇāmavāda. | |
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